منابع مشابه
Event-Related Potentials of Bottom-Up and Top-Down Processing of Emotional Faces
Introduction: Emotional stimulus is processed automatically in a bottom-up way or can be processed voluntarily in a top-down way. Imaging studies have indicated that bottom-up and top-down processing are mediated through different neural systems. However, temporal differentiation of top-down versus bottom-up processing of facial emotional expressions has remained to be clarified. The present st...
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Perception and cortical responses are not only driven "bottom-up" by the external stimulus but are altered by internal constraints such as expectancy or the current behavioral goal. To investigate neurophysiological mechanisms of such top-down effects, we analyzed the temporal interactions of neurons on different levels of the cortical hierarchy during perception of stimuli with varying behavio...
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If we are to understand how human perception occurs, then we must first identify the mechanisms that drive perception. It is commonly believed that perception is influenced by both bottom-up processes (raw sensory input), and top-down processes (expectationdriven matching). What is not fully understood is how the human mind uses expectations and assumptions to manipulate what we call conscious ...
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this study investigated (a) the learners’ existing reading strategy repertoire, (b) the effect of instruction in reading strategies on learners’ strategic performance, and (c) the effect of explicit instruction in top-down reading strategies on reading comprehension ability of intermediate learners. the study was conducted with 40 intermediate efl learners in two groups of experimental and cont...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Journal of Nanomaterials
سال: 2012
ISSN: 1687-4110,1687-4129
DOI: 10.1155/2012/469143